Controlling blood sugar is a crucial aspect of diabetes management and is essential for preventing diabetic complications.

Below are some key points to note when managing blood sugar levels:

I. Dietary Management

1. Total Calorie Control: Determine daily calorie intake based on the patient's ideal body weight and physical activity level, ensuring that the total calorie intake does not exceed the recommended limit.
2. Low-Sugar, Low-Fat, Low-Salt Diet: Opt for a low-salt, low-fat, and bland diet, avoiding high-sugar, high-calorie, and high-fat foods such as desserts and fried snacks.
3. Balanced Macronutrient Ratio: Maintain an appropriate proportion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the diet, typically accounting for 50%-60%, 25%-35%, and 10%-15% of total calories, respectively.
4. Small, Frequent Meals: Avoid consuming large meals at once to reduce the stimulus for insulin secretion.
5. Moderate Fruit Intake: Once blood sugar control is achieved, fruits can be consumed between meals, with ongoing monitoring of blood sugar levels.

II. Physical Activity

1. Appropriate Exercise Selection: Choose moderate-intensity aerobic exercises suitable for one's condition, such as walking, jogging, and swimming.
2. Postprandial Exercise: Engage in exercise one hour after meals to help lower postprandial blood sugar levels.
3. Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise per week, which can be divided into shorter sessions like 30 minutes daily for five days.
4. Moderate Exercise Intensity: Exercise at a moderate intensity to prevent hypoglycemia or physical discomfort due to overexertion.

III. Medication

1. Medication Compliance: Follow the guidance of healthcare professionals to select the appropriate hypoglycemic drugs or insulin treatment plan.
2. Regular Medication Administration: Take medications at prescribed times and doses to avoid missing doses or overdosing.
3. Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regularly monitor fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels, adjusting the treatment plan based on monitoring results.

IV. Blood Sugar Monitoring

1. Regular Monitoring: Use a blood glucose meter to monitor fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels regularly to understand fluctuations.
2. Data Recording: Keep a record of each blood sugar measurement to assist doctors in evaluating treatment efficacy and adjusting treatment plans.

V. Diabetes Education

1. Health Education Participation: Regularly attend diabetes health education seminars to understand the importance and relevant knowledge of diabetes treatment.
2. Self-Management: Strengthen self-management awareness and actively participate in the treatment and management process of diabetes.

VI. Other Precautions

1. Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Moderation: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can hinder blood sugar control, so they should be avoided or minimized.
2. Maintaining a Positive Mindset: Stay optimistic and avoid emotional fluctuations that may affect blood sugar levels.
3. Regular Follow-ups: Schedule regular visits to the hospital for check-ups, including liver and kidney function tests, to evaluate treatment effectiveness and assess for complications.